"^Csvxn 




Illustrated wirii Diagrams 



'V^V^^ 



5J 



Rand, McNal 



&■ Co., ^»?U^E«e'AI^D^1MG?iAVERS,/!' 



F^ 






H E figures used in presenting these facts 
were in every instance obtained from 
official sources. 
The several Reports of the United States 
Census at decennial periods, those of the ChieJ 
of the Bureau of Statistics, and of the Com- 
missioner of Agriculture, Washington, D. C, 
were consulted more frequently than others. 
Figures obtained from State Reports were 
not accepted unless they were found to agree 
with the Departmental Reports of the Govern 
ment. 



^i\> 



Copyright, 1883, by II. C. Townsend. 



i 



I * I * I * I * I « I * I * l-4»> 



he Great 

MMMMm 



Southwest 



•S oooooooo 



A MARVEL <Df progress has been witnessed In recent years in that vast 
region lyine south of the Missouri and west of t.ic Lower Mississippi 
rivers, throughout which the rapidly augmenting trade movements 
f find their focal points in the cities of St. Louis, Kansas C{t}% New Orleans 
:^ and Galveston. In this region, within ten years, the movements In popula- 
tion and the transformations in social and industrial aspects have challenged 
the dreams of imagination, and outstripped all estimates based upon former 
progression. Indeed, the contrasts presented in a consideration of the 
growths in the agricultural, mechanical and commercial departments, are 
bewildering; all the more so when the mind contemplates the difficulties 
overcome in physical and political, as well as in social and Industrial, direc- 
- t*ons. A mere glance will reveal results compassed almost in the limits of a 
decade, which in past periods could not be accomplished In a generation. 




Broad stretches of forest, but recently the hunting ground of the savage 
and the lair of the wild beast, have fallen before sturdy arms, and are to-day 
the scenes uf cheerful homes. On the bosom of vast prairies the golden 
grain has usurped the place of rank vegetation. The lumbering wain of the 
pioneer immigrant has been followed by the railway car— spanning the rivers, 
scaling the sides of precipitous mountains, itself the pioneer of a more 
swiftly moving civilization. 

When the mind contemplates the vast areas embraced In this Southwest 
region; measures the territorial expanse of States already formed; considers 
the A.'ealth of forest and Held, of pasture and mine; reflects how it Is fast 
becoming the chosen abode of thousands seeking its virgin opportunities, 
and how thousands more, in the near coming years, will seek Its fair domain 
for homes and vocations — some Idea may be formed of its destiny. 

A few salient facts and statistics, with appropriate comparative diagrams, 
will make the thought more apparent. 

1 



-a«jizj2j2/©^ 



HE State of Texas 



Mir* 



1 1 D 11 |-|HDin-ll|DMl-Nln!||-mD|ii- iiDlil-illnill-Hla 



DESCENDING from a contemplation of the trans-Mississippi region com- 
prehended in the general designation, the Southwest, penetrated and 
served by ihe Southwestern railway system, the great State of Texas is 
found standing the foremost of its States. Not only is it the foremost State 
liere, but considered territorially and in the vast scope and variety of its 
production and resources, it is more than equal to many of the largest States 



AiH.-iiiAin. 



All!.- 



DIAGRAM SHOWING THE 

Comparative Area of Texas, Improved and Unimproved, 

Together with the Surface Occupied by the Streams 
and Lakes. U. S. Census. 



^TO,099,aoQ 



i- 




g^j^ SMSElSMSSM^MSMMMMMMiMISMM^J^MMMMMMi 



of the Union combined. It has an area greater than tlie Eastern and New 
England States, and, when in the course of time it shall have reached a pop- 
ulation of the density of the latter, will have, and can give support and 
employment to, a population equal to the present population of the United 
States, and not be uncomfortably crowded. Covering nearly eleven degrees 
of latitude, it has the extent and variety of climatic and soil adaptations to 
produce, in its northern and central belt, an amount of cereals almost, and 



1'^ I ^MSMMIMM^J^MSMM^M'SMMM^M^J^ [•B'J^ 



in its southern an amount of cotton and sugar, quite equal to the entire 
amount of those crops produced in the present cultivated area of the United 
States, bearing equally well all the vegetables and fruits of the temperate 
and semi-tropical zones. Its broad prairies, fertile and well-watered valleys, 
can pasture and re:ir the cattle, hogs and sheep for the sustenance of the 
wliole country, while Its forest and timber supplies are practically inex- 
haustible. It is growing in wealth and developing in resources more rapidly 
than any portion of the country. 



Iliil .•|lil|D|llir •|lll|n||lir.'llil|Q|'lll','llll|a|||ir.'ll|||alil!r-.'ll!l 



DIAGRAM SHOWING THE 

~ Cultivated, Uncuitivated and Timber Land 



January 1st, 1883. :-:-:-:- 



t^sA^^aeo 




III! o INN o mil o Ijllj o mil o I! 



ill o imio II 



o III I o mil o mil Q mil q imi o iiiii o imi o iim oimi o mi o" 



I I I I I I 



I I I I I I I 



|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X 
i I I I I I I ! I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 



These phenomenal facts will be better understood by a glance at the 
Illustrative diagrams, which reach the understanding through the eye, 
and are thus more firmly fixed in the memory. 

The first three show the aggregate area, with the amount of improved 
and unimproved lands, the timber and water surfaces, and the amount 
embraced in the crop status. The contrasts are striking, and worth 
attentive study. 



Crop Area of Texas. 



liii. Ill iiii.iii'iii.iii'iM.iinii.iii'iii.nnii. linn 




Diagram Showing the Comparative Area Occupied by the 

PRINCIPAL FARM CROPS OF TEXAS, 



niAinlA.DlAiClAlDiA IZST 1882. Aia[A|a|Ain|A!n|A|c-: 



< 



K^^ 



COHN, 



3,000,000 Acres. o&.'^ "Icro*^ 



,375,000 Acres. 



COTTON, 

2j8l0jtl3 Acres. 



'% 



oqo 



a D 
a a 



I . lOGi . laal . lanl . Innl . Iddi . \aa\ I 

|. .inn!» .!nnl» «|ar-|. .|nnl» .lnnl« «'-d|~| 



||An|A|||A|||A|||A|||A|||A|||A|||Al||A|l|A||!A|||A||lA||!A|||A|I|A|| 



Population of ^exas, 



""HE succeeding diagrams arc very suggestive as showing the 
sources of population which is reaching the State. While, as is 
natural, the largest accessions have been from the Southern 
States, people emigrating, as a rule, westward along the lines of 
similar latitude; yet, no inconsiderable portion has gone from the 



\::\::\::\ 



I .-.• I ;; I ;; | ;; I ;.• I ;; I 



DIAGRAM SHOWING THE 

Population of Texas by Sex, Nativity and Race. 

U. S. CENSUS. 



Total Population, 
1,591,749. 




Central "Western States, and, all things considered, a fair share from 
the East and foreign countries. From the two last influences, now 
actively at work, the near future will show a rapid movement. A 
no*able fact is, that, compared with the other Southern States, the 
colored population is small. 



^ll::l'=tl::ii^ 



ROWTH OF POPULATION 



^ 



iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii 



iiiiiii 



iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii 
i IN 



Hill 

TEXAS. 

V;1/EXAS proper and the Territories and States lying to the northwest 
(C^) were only acquired from Mexico, by the treaty and Gadsden purchase, 
in 184S. The population at that time was less than 200,000, but poured 
in rapidly after the close of hostilities, trebling in a decade. Between 1S60 
and 1870 the increase was less, owing to the civil war; but, in the last ten 
years, the increase was nearly a hundred per cent. By the same ratio (and 
it has really been greater), Texas has to-day a population of two millions. 



DIAGRAM SHOWING THE 

POPTJI-ilTIOlT OF TEXAS 

At Decennial Periods since 1850. United States Census. 



Population. 



604,215 



1850 



1860 



1870 



1880 



Percentage 
of Increase. 



94.4 



Present Population of Texas, and Nativity of InhalDitants. 



Diagram showing the Population 
distributed according to Section 
of r.irth within the U. S. 



Diagram showing the Foreign 
Population distributed according 
to Country of Birth. 




SOUTHERN\ 
STATES, 

(not rNCLUDING / 
TEXAS) / 

491.764 /' 




43,161. 



aHO. 



GERMANY, ^/ 



35,347. 



he Cotton Crop of Texas fo- 

>■> » *»**»*» »»V»'f »■*■»> t'*V»7*» » i » »■» » » »■» » » »-f» f f » » » f"» »Vf'» »»»!»» »>■»■?■»» f-*''^ 



-r;r;r;r/r.-r;r;r4 



HE first report made of cotton production in Texas, in the census year 
1850, showed but little over 50,000 bales. In ten years the crop had 
grown to a half million; in 18 TO, owing to the cause above stated, it 
was not so much; but in 1880 it exceeded a million; and in 1882, a million 
and a half. A previous table shows that less than three million acres are 
cultivated in cotton. Texas now produces one-fourth of the whole crop 
raised in the South, and can produce an amount equal to it and still have 
many millions of the finest cotton lands untouched. 



COTTOIT CROP or TESIAS. 



Diagram showing the Number 
of Pounds of Cotton Produced 
in Decennial Years since 1850. 



7850, 



^ 



Diagram showing the Xumber 
of Pounds of Cotton Annually 
Produced since 1878. 



27,584,200 




Pounds. 



1870, 

166,548,300 
Pounds. 



1880, 



550,873,000 



Pounds. 




1879, 
538,625,000 Lbs. 



1880, 

550,873,000 
Pounds. 



1881, 

400,078,947 

Pounds. 



1882, 

008,120,000 

Pounds. 



fp ^^he (§^orn ffj ropof ^ exas. S 



-Xt-llioiilo! 'o oi:io|||o|||o|l|-)X-- 



^-fl^HlS important cereal shows a steaoy increase, but not so striking 
^ as the great textile crop. It is only raised for home consump- 
tion, and but slightingly at that, owing to the fact that the forest and 
prairios as yet furnish all the needed stock food, the mild climate 
requiring little or no winter feeding. When the time comes for an 



THE CORN CROP OF TEXAS. 



Diagram showing the Number 
of Bushels of Corn Produced in 
Decennial Years since 1850. 



Diagram Showing the Number 
of Bushels of Corn Annually Pro- 
duced since 18T7. Dept. of Agr. Report. 




1860, 
16,500,703 
Bushels. 



1870, 
20,554,538 



1880, 



66,754,500 



Bushels. 




• lill-lll! 



export demand at remunerative prices, Texas can supply all foreign 
custom, as well as her own needs, without trenching seriously on her 
domain. The 3,000,000 acres now in corn could be easily quadrupled, 
and there would be plenty of corn laud to spare. 
8 



||0|T|0|T|0|T|0|T|0|TlOlT|0|T|oiTlo|T|OiTlO|TjO|T|0|TiO|T|o| 



Teu Weuat crop ~^ 



OF TEXAS. ( ^ 



A A 

7 V 



^T is only of late years, and since the 
^ large accessions of settlers from the 

-~' — --- ^-^ Northern and Western States of the 

Union, that any attention has been given to wheat raising. Even now, 
although all the northern, and portions of the central, belt, are found well 
adapted to successful and profitable wheat culture, not enough is raised 
for home consumption. The capacity for vast production exists, and will 
be developed as the necessities of the coming years require. 



TyTTTTTTTy^yTTTyTTTTTTTTTTyTTyTTTTTTTTyTTTTT I 

WHEAT CROP OF TEXAS. 



Diagram showing the Number 
of Bushels of Wheat Produced in 
different years since 1850. 



Diagram showing the Number of 
Bushels of Wheat Annually Pro- 
duced since 18TT. 



41,729 ^:_^ 



Bushels. 



1867, 

794,000 

BtisTiels.' 



1874, 
1,474,000 

.^Bushels. 



1882, 
4,173,700 
]Busliels. 




iBusTiels. 



1879, 
2,567,760 BusTiels. 

3,008,112 Bushels. 



JS81, 
5,339,000 Euslielf 



M 



1882, 
4,173,700 Bueliela. 



g|°|iiMgl°llil°!g|°Hlll°|ghlliil°igi°li:ii°igi°iiHi-li 



liXTlTLnJTJTrUlJTJTJXnJTJTJTJTnj^^ 



©HE Oat ©Rep 



^ 



■Sh 



OF TEXAS. 



The same reflections apply to the oat crop, the increase of 
which from less than 200,030 bushels in 1850, to 9,239,600 in 1882, is 
shown in the subjoined table: 



f^S^^\a I T I n It I a I T I □ I T ■ □ IjJ^l ° I T i a I T j a I T I □ I T | -= V^^^^^fM 

<^^^V\ I D I T I n I T ! o I T ! o Tl-irri'DlTlDlTlolTlc: Ivr^^^ 



OAT CROP OF TEXAS. 



Diagram showing the Number of 
Bushels of Oats Produced in De- 
cennial years since 1850. 



1850, 
199,017 f^l :Busliels. 



1860, 



Bushels. 



1870, 
762,663 
BusTielg 



1880, 
6,936,540 
Bushels. 



Diagram showing the Number 
of Bushels of Oats Annually Pro- 
duced since 1877. 



hs 



• 3877, 
4,300,000 Bushels. 



1878. 
5,531,500 BusTiels. 



6,936,540 3u6Tiels. 



1881, 
8,334,000 JBushels, 



',339,600 ^usTiels. 



10 



P^ELAjrVE ■\/'ALUE_0F 

^;exas Parm I^roducts. jT 






^»h^ll,hvHli^^l!llhvHii!l<^^ll^h^ll^hv 



THE next illustration is an interesting one, and worthy of careful study. 
It shows the variety of Texas farna products, the aggregate quantity 
produced, the aggregate value, and the value per acre. 



DIAGRAM SHOWING THE 

REUTIVE VALUE OF THE FARM PRODUCTS OF 'TEXAS 

FOR THE YEAR 1882. 
Report of Department of Agriculture. 



!0|l|D|||0|||D 



omaN|o|||D!l|o||!n|||o[||n|||o!||DH|Q|||n|jjo|||D|||o| 



QUANTITY. 



PRODUCTS. 



VALUE 
PER ACRE. 



2-11,924 11)S. 
46,620 bu. 
116,600 bu. 
344,025 bu. 

81,489 tons 



4,173,700 bu. 



Tobacco, 
Rye, 
Barley, 
Potatt)es, 

Hay, 



Wheat, 



ibu. 



63,416,300 bu. 



Oats, 



608,120,000 lbs. 




41.127 
42,890 
93,280 
326,823 



4,987,384 



S 41.00 
14.00 
17.00 
42.00 



13.00 



12.00 



21.00 



11 



p 



" ■■■^ "^ \~-«0 0000000000000000000000000000000 ( 

R eligious r iENOMiNATioNS 

^ VdNNNNNNI -*-^ J I d I lJ N I d I J I d N I d I d I d I J 
IN TEXAS. 



'^T^F.XAS is fairly supplied, for a new State, with churches 
((f) and religious societies, and the moral and pious reader 
1^ will be pleased to note in the following illustration a 
statement of the number and relative numerical strength of 
the various sects: 



^l|l|alli'°'"° 



D D 



mmioi 



DIAGRAM SHOWIXG THE 

Relative Strength of the Religious Denominations 

IN TEXAS. 
(Rand, McNally & Co.'s Indexed Atlas of the World.) 

AVAVAVAVAVAVAVAVAVAVAVAVAVAVAVAVA 



ZRoman 
Catholic, 

120,000. 



Methodist 

lEpiscopal, 

(South) 

82,939. 



IBaj)tist, 



76,857. 



□ 

n 
n 
□ 



Presbyterian, 1,031 

Other Denominations, 2,545 

Protestant Episcopal, 3,G65 

Protestant Methodist, 5,000 

Presbyterian South, 5,300 



Methodist Episcopal. 9,372 
(Colored.) 



13,3Sr, 



Cumberland 

Presbyterian, 



16,000, 



' Christian, 






Methodist Episcopal, 



^^i^m-. 



12 




Ill ^ lllllll "" lllllll 

III V lllllll ^ lllllll 



A 



I ^ ^ 



TRADE * CENTRES 

AND 

rowing Cities in Texas. 



fiNE of the natural, indeed necessary, features of the wondrous 
growth of Texas is found in the progress and business develop- 
ment of its numerous trade centres and'growing cities. They 
are principally along the lines and branches of the Southwestern 
railway system, and comprise, in the north, Marshall, Dallas and 
Fort Worth; toward the centre, TVaco and the capital. Austin; in 
the south and southwest, Houston and San Antonio; and on the Gulf 
coast the splendid port of Galveston, a city of fine attractions, with large 
export and import commerce. Two illustrated examples are given. 



C03I3IEItCE OF HOUSTON, 



ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo 



Dlasrram showing the value of Mer- 
chandise exported from Houston for 
year ending September 30th, 1881. 



Diagram showing the number of 
Bales of Cotton annually received for 
five years ending August 31st, 1881. 



Oil, Oil Calse 

and otlier 
"Merchandise, 





13 



COMMERCE OF GALVESTON 



(i) 



Diagram showing the Cotton 
Keceipts for the years ending 
Aug. 3lst. I860, 1871 and 18S1. 




Diagram showing Estimate 
of Mercliandise Sales for four 
years ending Dec. Slst, 1882. 



j 1879, 
$ 23,913,800, 



1830, 
$ 31,307,089. 



37,755,000. 



$ 42,845,000. 



^ 



Diagram Showing the Total Value of 

MERCHANDISE, COIN AND BULLION 

Annually Imported and Exported at Galveston, Texas, since the year 1859. 
U. S. Report on Commei-ce and Navigation. 



Imports. Year. 



Exports. 



^TPJ 




$ 3,S.3S,7G9 

5,772,158 
1,121,292 



1,288,926 
7,017,472 
5,829,110 
9,616,153 

14,873,732 
13,787,250 
12,211,933 
17,710,509 
19,193,042 
16,225,907 
15,610,241 
15,489,194 
12,248,479 
16,452,061 
16,749,880 



14 



<j o 

<] o 

<l t> 

< o 

< o 

< [> 

<3 O 

<1 > 



^ 



ailroads^i^ in )t( Texas, 



|:|!l:li|:| 



SEYOXD all question, the chief factor in the advancement 
of this imperial domain is the immense railroad develop- 
ment of the last few years; the system of transportation 
traversing all portions, binding closely its far-reaching area, 
and bringing the whole State into connection with every por- 
tion of the United States. The subjoined table tells the story 
of progress, it being only necessary to add, that to-day there 
is more railroad building going on in Texas ttfan in any other 
part of the country. 



i'il^lilvii! 



^Illvl 



DIAGRAM SHOWING THE EXTENT OF 

RAILROAD MILEAGE IN TEXAS 

FROM 1869 TO MAT Ist," 1883. 



-f 1 1 i + IH + l I 



+ lN+IM + lll + lll + 'll+lli + l|l + lll + lll + lll + 



1869 


583 


1870 


711 


1871 


865 


1872 


1,078 


1873 


1,578 


1874 


"1,630 


1875 


1,683 


1876 


2,031 


1877 


2,210 


1878 


2,428 


1879 


2,591 


18S0 


3,293 


1881 


5,344 


1882 


5,974 


May 1, 1883 


6,097 



o. of Miles to 
each 450 Squar 
Miles of Area, 



1. 
1.2 
1.4 
1.8 
2.6 
2.8 
2.8 
3.4 
3.7 
4.1 
4.4 
5.6 
9.2 
10.2 
10.4 



15 



'he State of 



rkansas.'s^ 



«^ 

tlHOUGH territorially far behind its great sister of the Southwest, 
' Arkansas has manj-, indeed, superior advantages. Its entire eastern 
■^^ border is washed by the Mississippi, its western by Red river, while 
It Is intersected by the Arkansas and White rivers from east to west, and 
by the Ouachita in the south, all of which are navigable for long dis- 
tances. Notwithstanding these fine natural channels, it was not until the 
railway system of the Southwest intersected and brought it Into more 
direct and active communication with the world of trade and business, 



DIAGRAM SHOWING THE 

COMPARATIVE AREA OF ARKANSAS, 

Improved and Unimproved, together with the surface 

occupied by the Streams and Lakes. 

U. S. Census. 




that Its fertile lands and fine mineral and timber resources placed it fully 
and fairly in the line of progressive States. Situated between the thirty- 
third and thirty-seventh parallels of latitude, and with unequaled facilities 
for reaching markets, It is destined to become one of the leading States in 
cotton production, while cereals can be successfully grown, and In fruits and 
vegetables It ranks among the foremost. But a small portion of its lands is 
as yet under cultivation, as the foregoing illustration shows. 

16 



+ iM- 



+ i .!■ 



'•.l + i'.l + !M 



DIAGRAM SHOWING THE 

POPUI-ilTIOlT OP ARUAITSAS 

By Sex, Nativity and Race. U. S. Census. 



Total Population, 
802,525, 




D —---I D I G I D 1 ^— i O I D I D 



D ' n I D li 



PRESENT POPULATION OF ARKANSAS 
AND NATIVITY OF INHABITANTS. 



Diagram showing the Population • Diagram showing the Foreign 
distributed according to section of yr. Population distributed according 
Birth within the U. S. )( to Country of Birth. 





POPFLATIOF 

OF 

/RKAFSAS. 







Q'HE increase of population in former periods was mainly along the 
jl navigable streams with which Arkansas is abundantly supplied; but 
i| I more recently the fine uplands, brought into market by the railways, 
have given a more active and general impulse; and it is safe to assert 
that the fine increase of the past decade will be succeeded by a much 
larger ratio in the coming years. A marked feature in the accompanying 
table is the great preponderance of native-born citizens; the entire num- 
ber of foreign birth being less than ten thousa- d. The accessions from 
the Eastern States are nearly as much, while the greatest increase is found 
from the active and enterprising peoples of the central "Western States. 
The attractions offered in all portions for cheap homes and varied indus- 
trial pursuits must necessarily add largely and more miscellaneously to 
its numbers in the near future. 



o|x|o|X|o|Xioix|o|x|o|xio|xioiX|o;x|o|x|o|X|o|x|o|xlo|Xic|x 



DIAGRAM SHOWIXG THE 

Population of Arkansas at Decennial Periods since 1820. 

r. s. cExsrs. 



ooooooooocoooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooocoooooooooo 



Population, 



802,525 
484,471 
435,450 
209,897 
97,574 
30,388 
14,255 



Year. 



1880c 




i 






IgGO. 








1S50, 






Percentaire of 
Iiicresse. 



65.6 
11.2 
107.4 
115.1 
221.0 
113.1 



OD 1 •*• 



D D 
D D 



I'MO Dili' • nil Q 

18 



□ D 
DC 



l:;lllllllil!llllllil!lillMi! Il!i!lllllll!!!!llli!!l!!li;:!!!llll 



■^ .-[Dj^j^j^j^j^IglS MiS .raj2M2 i« 



EVERT portion of Arkansas is well adapted to the production of the 
great textile of the South, yet bu: a small portion is employed in its 
cultivation; in fact, not one acre in ten being utilized for this or 
any other crop. The statistics of growth show that the cotton production 
increased from about KJ,00i} bales in isyi, to over 600.000 bales in 18S0, and this 



COTTON CROP OF ARKANSAS. 



Diagram showing the Number 1/ Diagram showing the Xumber 
of Pounds of Cotton Produced in 1;^ of Pounds of Cotton AnnuallvPro- 



'f ceuuial Tears since ..S50. 



duced sii.ce 1878. 



37,033,400 



1860, 

]7i,51 1.675 
- Pounds. 



18?0, 

117,784.800 
Pounds 



18S0, 

232,243.000 
Pounds. 



i 




318,277.050 Pounds. 



18T&, 
323.812.500 Pounds. 



1880, 
232,243,000 Pounds, 



1881, 

197,562,500 Pounds. 



k 



1882, 
315,100,000 Pounds. 



b 



iilllliiliililllllllliuuw. 



.ii;i!lll!ll[!llll!llllli 



uhl 



lllll 



was increased by the amount of two hundred thousand bales in 1882. the 
crop of that year being over 8liO,000 bales. "With its rapidly increasing popu- 
lation and increased facilities for transportation, it will surpass even this, 
and Arkansas will stand among the foremost of cotton-producing States. 

18 



Qow Production # 

.^^s»oF Arkansas. 




fN common with other Southern States In which there exists a 
large proportion of colored labor, but little attention has been 
l)aid to the corn crop, the supplies being drawn from the "West- 
ern States, and the facilities for reaching the regions to be supplied, 
along the rivers, being easy and economical. Yet there has been a 
notable increase In its growth; and, the State being flnelj' adapted 
to It, the crop has been doubled in the last decade, and increased 
by more than two million bushels in the last two years. 



CORN CROP OF ARKANSAS. 



liiupram showins the Number of 
Bushels of Corn Produced in decen- 
nial years since 1850. 



Diagram showing the Number of 
Bushels of Corn Annually Produced 
since 1874. 





1877, 
23,100,000 JJm. 



1878. 
23,092,000_Bii. 



1879. 

^^^ 22,432,800:gtf. ^ 

^P 1880. 

K 3-3,350,250 

^ ^ bushels. 

I I 1881^ 

^^ 21 03S. 000 7? // . 



:Bu»h€U. 



80 



I I 

9 



AT^i^CROP-^ 




(Arkansas. 



S In the corn, so In the oat crop, Arkansas is fast reaching 

the point of raising its own supplies, thus, in these two 

important cereals, increasing the source of State wealth; 

the crop, which in 1870 w^as but little over a half million of 

bushels, having increased in 1880 to 2,748,834, and two years later 

to more than three millions. 



OAT CROP OF ARKANSAS. 



Diagram showing the Number of 
Bushels of Oats produced in Decen- 
nial Years since 1850. 



Diagram showing the Number of 
Bushels of Oats annually produced 
since 1876. 




frengtfi- 






RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS 



^^I^IKZ^lsTS^S. 



■G 



t 



T' 



^HE statistics show that Arkansas Is very fairly supplied with churches, 
each of the leading denominations being well represented in its 
population. 



J.|±|J.|±jJ.|±|J. |±1J. I±|J.|±|J.|±||J.|±JJ. |±|J.i±|J.|±|.L|±|J.| 



tNt 



DIAGRAM SHOWING THE 

RELATIVE STRENGTH OF RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS 

IN THE STATE OF ARKANSAS. 
(Rand, McNally & Co.'s Indexed Atlas of the World.) 



a 

□ 
□ 

m 



95 
165 
200 
800 

372 

960 

1,000 

1,200 

2.495 




Other Denominations, 

Jews, 

Friends, 

Lutheran, 

Protestant Episcopal, 

Church of God, 

Anti-Mission Baptist, 

Second Adventist, 

Presbyterian, 

Protestant Methodist, 




ailroads of Arkansas. 



'2) 



ONE of the most striking and interesting features in the record of 
recent growth is the remarkable increase of railroads, nearly all 
the roads of the Southwestern system either traversing the State en- 
tirely or penetrating it with main lines or branches. The er''re mile- 
age is now close on to two thousand miles, an increase nea'-iv tenfold 
in the last decade. The lines projected and in process cf construction 
will add a like increase in the next ten years, by which time Arkansas 
will have railway facilities equal to any of her older sisters, and in 
S combined water and rail transportation will be the foremost State^ 



Diagram showing the extent of 

RAILROAD MILEAGE IN ARKANSAS, 

From 1869 to May 1st, 1883. 



YEAR. 


MILES. 


1869 


128 


1870 


256 


1871 


253 


1872 


450 


1873 


700 


1874 


700 


1875 


740 


1876 


767 


1877 


767 


1878 


783 


1879 


808 


1880 


896 


1881 
Mav 1st 

1883 


1,042 
1.747 



■ illSliHiolM^HioMISIhilolhli 



lllllil 



No. of 
Miles to 
.ach 40f 
Sq. Miies 
of Area. 



linni 



ihiiii 



OBSERVATION, 



iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii 



INIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII w^w^. »..,.....,. II iiiiiiiililllllilllllll 
5THE foregoing presentations do not by any means exhibit all of the at- 
vL" tractions and advantages of the States of the Southwest, nor do they 
include all the States. Equally interesting illustrations could be given 
of others, and also of the progress in educa-tion; Texas, particularly, with 
her affluence of proprietary lands, having set apart funds and endowments 
for school purposes far more munificent than has been done elsewhere by 
either federal or State_ effort. Enough, however, is presented to show how 
this vast and interesting region, aroused by the impulses of a new and 
more healthful progress, and freed from the trammels so long restraining 
its development, is full of the elements and energies which are fast making 
it the most prosperous portion of the Union. 



^ 



23 



Increase of Population. 






itiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiitilliiti 



fHE increase of population in the Soutliwest is mainly referable to two 
causes; first, the attractions of an inviting agricultural domain, and 
the movements of people imparted by railroad construction. There 
are no mines of precious metals, so attractive to the restless masses; 
but meagre manufacturing interests, small demands for mechanical labor, 
and but little active capital; yet, it will be perceived, that Arkansas, for- 
merly an obscure and unimportant State, stands midway in the list; Mis- 
souri, a little behind the favored States of Ohio, Michigan and Illinois; Kan- 



Diagram showing the in 
crease of 



POPULATIO:^ 

During- the Last TEN Years, 



In the several States 
and Territories 



TOTAL INCREASE. 



Dakota, 

Colorado, 

W. Virginia, 

Louisiana, 

New Jersey, 

Wisconsin, 

Alabama, 

Tennessee, 

Virginia, 

S. Carolina, 

Indiana, 

Mississippi, 

California, 

Arkansas, 

Massachusetts, 

Kentucky, 

N. Carolina, 

Nebraska. 

Minnesota, 

Georgia, 

Iowa, 

Missouri, 

Michigan, 

Ohio, 

Illinois, 

Kansas, 

New York, 

Pennsylvania, 

All other States 

TEXAS, 




nnri Territories 



sas coming next t5-New York and Pennsylvania; and Texas leading ^ 
the column with a decennial gain exceeding three-quarters of a million. 
That the increase of these States, with only the advantages mentioned, 
should compare thus favorably with the older States, with their rich 
industrial forces and metropolitan cities, is but one of many indications 
of the greatness to be reached in the future. Texas shows an increase 
surpassing tlie unenumerated States and Territories combined. «§■ 



24 



O) 



^ 



Potton Production 



:|:i 



UNITED STATES. 



THE cotton crop, which in previous years for a time had averaged about 
4,000,000 bales, but was greatly reduced during the war, has now attained 
much greater proportions. The largest iucreas?, as will appear, is in the 
States of the Southwest, which now produce about one-third of the total, and 
win soon reach one-half. The city of St. Louis, lying at the apex of the South- 
western railway system, and at the head of deep-water navigation on the 
Mississippi, is rapidly winning its way to the foremost rank among the inte- 
rior cotton marts of the country. Its receipts for the year 1682-3, closing 1st 
September, were 463,311 bales, tho most of which came by the railroads of the 
Southwest. 



DIAGRAM SHOWING THE NUMBER OF 

BALES OF COTTON ANNUALLY PRODUCED 

In the United States since 1865. 


Illlllllll 


TCAR. 1 From " Statistical Abstract." 


BALES. 


Illlllllll 


1865 
1866 
1867 
1368 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 


■|H|H 




2,154,476 

1,951,988 
2,430,893 
2,260,557 
3:11 1,592 
4,347,006 
2,974,351 
3,930,508 
4,170,388 
3,827,845 
4,632,313 
4,474,069 
4,773,865 
5,074,155 
5,761,252 
6,605,750 
5,456,048 
6,700,000 










1 




r^""-^i 




1 


B 


^-1=:; Ji 


1 


Illlllllll 


II! o Mill o mil o mil o mil o mn o mn o mii o lim o nl 



85 



rs R N .,. 



IN THE 






S\Outhv/est. 



,^. >y .J. .J. ;jc 4 ^■ Y 't ^J^ >Y 



m 



::i!^ 



CORN is the leading staple cereal of the South, emphatically the staff of 
life for man and beast. Its production has Increased in large ratio 
during late years; and although it does not enter into commerce, being 
used and mostly consumed at homo, yet s > much produced which was for- 
merly bought in the "^est, shows a large added volume of income and a 
steady growth in prosperity. Texas leads in production, with an annual 
value of $74,OOO,CO0 ; Arkansas and Louisiana showing nearly 830,000,000 each. 



DIAGRAM SHOWING THE AVERAGE ANNUAL VALUE 
• OF THE 


.■Siiiiiiiiiii mill - li - N - II - II - II - mill iiiiiiiiiiiif* 


-^ 


CORN CROP IN THE SOUTHERN STATES = 


m 


llllllllll— lliill - li - M - 11 - 11 - II - llllli IllliilllllS? 




FOR THREE YEARS, ENDING DEC. 31st, 1882. 
Report of Department of Agriculture. 


STATE. 




VALUE. 


Ixxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxl 


Florida, 

Tennessee, 

N. Carolina, 

S. Carolina, 

Louisiana, 

Arkansas, 

Alabama, 

Georgia, 

Mississippi, 

TEXAS, 






I 




$ 3,318,206 
15,260,124 
18,158,851 
26,009,673 
29,395,924 
30,341,696 
34,052,694 
39,577,122 
40,243,667 
47,700,341 


























^^■■^ 
























j 













»ll[iaillo||||gll|o||ligillolllBnio|lllBllloillBII|o|lliaillolllBIHollllBIII-l 



omparative Value of Wheat 



S»xxxxx 



xxxxx^ 



Western and Southern States. 



fHE amount of wheat produced south of Missouri and Kansas, the 
two chief wheat-producing States of the Southwest, is small, far 
below the needs of local supply. In the northern portions of Texas 
and Arkansas the production is increasing. The surprising f acf in this 
connection is that the average value of the crop per acre in Texas, 
surpasses that of the most favored wheat-producing region, being 
17 T8-100 per acre. 

^^••••■•■••■••••■•••■••••■•••••■••■••••••■•••••••■•••^^s:^ 



DIAGRAM SHOWING THE 

AVERAGE VALUE OF THE WHEAT CHOP PER ACRE, 

In the Western and Southern States, for the Year 1881. 



STATE. 



Report of Department of Agriculture. 



VALUK. 



Louisiana, 

Nebraska, 

Iowa, 

Tennessee, 

Florida, 

Mississippi, 

S. Carolina, 

Kansas, 

Kentucky, 

Georgia, 

Illinois, 

Missouri, 

N. Carolina, 

Alabama, 

Virginia, 

Minnesota, 

California, 

"W. Virginia 

Wisconsin, 

Michigan, 

Indiana, 

Oregon, 

Ohio, 

Nevada, 

TEXAS, 




S 4.95 
6.S9 
7.00 
8.30 
8.41 
8.96 
9.40 
9.55 
9.82 
9.94 
10.00 
10.23 
10.28 
10.43 
10.64 
12.08 
12.36 
13.12 
13.45 
13.62 
13.72 
15.14 
17.16 
17.40 
17.78 



^Ss^s^^^^ 



^^^\s-$^^-^ 



27 



Wool in the Southern States. 



oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo 



/^HE value of sheep and wool has grown in a remarkable ratio in the 
\^^ Southern States in later j^ears. Texas, in this production, is a long 
way in advance of her sister States. If the number of sheep and their 
wool product, herded on the public lands, and consequently not included in 
the following table, were added to the enumeration, it would show an 
amount which ("excepting Kentucky and Missouri) would surpass all the 
rest of the Southern States combined. 



Diagram Showing the CoiiiparatiTC Quantity of >VOOL Produced in 
the Southern States in the Year 1880. U. S. Census. 





Number of 


POUNDS. 


Sheep in 




im. 


162,810 


58,382 


272,758 


120,078 


406,678 


135,631 


557,368 


249,225 


734,643 


290.571 


762,207 


354,489 


917.756 


470,871 


1,289,560 


538,141 


1.836,673 


502.262 


1,918,293 


675,478 


4.592.576 


990.266 


6.928.019 


6,850.000 



Value of 

Sheep in 

1882. 



Florida, 

S. Carolina, 

Louisiana, 

Arkansas, 

Mississippi, 

Alabama, 

N. Carolina, 

Georgia, 

Virginia, 

Tennessee, 

Kentucky, 

TEXAS, 




$105,088 

201.133 

227,860 

353.899 

421.328 

496,285 

612.132 

780.304 

1,245,610 

1,148,313 

2.822.2.58 

14.385.000 



ijxnjxrmjxriJiJTruxnjTJTJxriJTJiJTJ^^ 



Diagram Showing the Averasre CASH VALUE PER ACRE of the 

Cereals, Potatoes, Tobacco and Hay. taken together 

in Eighteen States for the Year 1881. 



STATE. 



Report of Department of Agriculture. 



S. Carolina 

Georgia, 

Nebraska, 

Florida, 

Tennessee, 

Kansas, 

Alabama, 

N. Carolina, 

Iowa, 

Mississippi, 

Missouri, 

Delaware, 

'Virginia, 

Illinois. 

Minnesota, 

Texiis, 

Louisiana, 

AKKAXS.IS, 





B7.62 
8.37 
8.48 
8.72 
9.38 
9.64 
9.68 
9 84 
10.03 
10.49 
11.18 
11.71 
11.76 
12.23 
12.72 
12.76 
13.03 
13 06 



Cereals, Potatoes, Tobacco and Hay in 18 States. 

fAKIXG eighteen Western and Southern States together on a basis of 
computation, it is found that the preponderance of value lies in the 
three extreme States of the Southwest, the maximum of value being in Ar- 
kansas, Louisiana and Texas following but little below. 



I Area of ^imberland 



Ij. . 11^=111 iM«4, 



IN SOUTHWESTERN AND GULF STATES. 



^^;#I^HE destruction of forests in the processes of settlement in the 
^1 West and Southwest, In many places excessive and wanton, in 

(^3; connection with the large necessary consumption, has brought 
up the apprehension of timber exhaustion. In the Northwest the apprehen- 
sion is well grounded, and legislation has been invoked, and bounties offered, 
to stop the drain and restore the wasting supply. The railroads which have 



fgjgjgfgfgjgMgMgM^JMMM^Ml^M^JlMMlMlMaiMMgl^Mg 



Diagram Showing the 

COMPARATIVE AREA OF TIMBERLAND 

In the Southwestern and Gulf States, in 1882. 



Tennessee, 

Louisiana, 

Arkansas, 

Florida, 

Mississippi, 

Alabama, 

TEXAS, 




IM l!l HI i;i I! 



17,568,400 
17,584,600 
19,011,270 
19,876,840 
20,143,250 
20,453,850 
46,302,500 



II 



I'l II 



III 




lately reached the South and Southwest from the great trade and 
supply centers have brought within market reach a wealth of 
timber as excellent in quality as abundant in quantity. Among 
these States, while most are well supplied, Texas leads, Arkansas 
and Louisiana following, as the nreceding table will show. 
29 



mnunt nf TimtiGr^ 



— ^ Principal Lumbering States. 



V' HE two illustrative diagrams, with the accompanying figures on the 
I G) sul jcct, are unusually suggestive and interesting as bearing on the 
lumber supply for future generations. 
The facts given in the next four illustrations bear upon very material 
and attractive points, and still further reveal the striking advantages pos- 
sessed by the States of the Southwest. 



DIAGRAM SHOWING THE 

Number of Feet of Merchantable Timber 

Standing in the Principal Lumbering States. 




i ^ 


rOAK'J FT. 


STATE. 


D -H- D ^ D 44- D j U.S. CcnPllS. j D ^ D -H- □ -K- G 


Vermont, 

N. Hampshire, 

N. Carolina, 

S. Carolina, 

Maine, 

Minnesota, 

Pennsylvania, 

Florida, 

Georgia, 

Alabama, 

Mississippi, 

California, 

Michigan, 

Wisconsin, 

ARKANSAS. 

Louisiana, 

TEXAS, 


i 


755,000,00 

1,510,000,000 

5,229,000,000 

5,3:6,000,000 

5,475,000,000 

6,100.000,000 

6,CCO.0OO,C0O 

6,615.000,000 

16,778,000,000 

21,192,000,000 

23.975,000,000 

25,825,000,000 

35,000,000,000 

41,000,000,000 

41,S15.CO0,C0O 

4S.2;3.000,0i;0 


|- 


1 


.1 


1 


^ - 1 


1 


1 


1 


67.^o^500.C00 1 



First. The amount of unimproved land yet inviting to profitable and 
pleasant homes the immigrants from the old world and the citizens of the 
new, is much greater than that which has already been occupied, particu- 
larly in the West and Southwest. 

Second The number of persons engaged in agriculture is by far the 
greatest in these regions. 

Third. The amount of Avages paid farm labor is less than elsewhere. 

Fourth. The average taxation on real and personal property for State, 
County and Municipal purposes, is less than that imposed in the older com- 
munities. 

30 



I I 



I I I I I I I I I I 



DIAGRAM SHOWING THE 



IMPROVED AND UNI^IPROYED LANDS IN FARMS 

In the Western and Southwestern States. U. S. Census. 



STATE. 



Nevada, 

Colorado, 

Oregon, 

Louisiana, 

Nebraska, 

Arkansas, 

Minnesota, 

Michigan, 

Wisconsin, 

California, 

Indiana, 

Tennessee. 

Kansas, 

Kentuckj-, 

Ohio, 

Iowa, 

Missouri, 

Illinois, 

TEXAS, 



IMPROVED. 



UNIMPROVED. 




TOTAL 
ACRES. 

530,862 
1,165,373 
4,214,712 
8,273,506 
9,944,826 
12,061,547 
13,403,019 
13,807,240 
15,353,118 
16,593,742 
20,420,983 
20,666,915 
21,417,468 
21,495,240 
24,529,226 
24,752,700 
27,879,276 
31,673.645 
36.292,219 



□ n n □ □ n |n^'5<^^^x^ 



Ss^i^^§^i5^^r^i:^•::^^^^^^^ □ □ a d d d 



DIAGRAM SHOWING THE 



NUMBER OF PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE 

In the States and Territories West of the Mississippi River. 
U. S. Census Report. 



STATE. 



NUMBER OF PERSONS. 



Per Cent, of 
T..tal of All 
Occupntions. 



Nevada, 

Colorado, 

Oregon, 

California, 

Territories 

Nebraska, 

Minnesota. 

Kansas, 

Arkansas, 

Iowa, 

Missouri, 

TEXAS, 



I 79,396 
I 83,423 



^31,535^ 

200,080 



303,537 
~355^jr 



oooooooo 



OIOOOOIOO o 



DIAGEAM SHOWING THE 

AVERAGE WAGES PAID FOR FARM LABOR 

Per Month with Board, 
In the Western and Southwestern States, in the year 1882. 



STATE. 



AKKANS.4S, 

Missouri, 

Texas, 

Indiana, 

Kansas, 

Nebraska, 

Ohio, 

Illinois, 

Michigan, 

Minnesota, 

Wisconsin, 

Iowa, 

California, 

Oregon, 

Colorado, 



Report of Department of Agriculture. 



i 



l^olllilDlMiloi 



$12.25 
13.95 
14.03 
15.65 
15.87 
16 20 
16.30 
17.14 
17.27 
17.75 
17.90 
17.95 
23,45 
24.75 
27.08 



lll|0||||lD|!|-||0|||||D!||||0|NI|nl| 



^ 



DIAGRAM SHOWING THE 

(State, County, City, etc.) 

On One Hundred Dollars, Real and Personal Property, in the 
Western and Southwestern States. 




The Missouri Pacific Railway Company. 



JAY GOULD, President, ... 

R. S. HAYES, 1st Vice-President, 

A. L. HOPKINS, 2d Vice-President, • 

H. M. HOXIE, 3d Vice-President, 

A. H. CALEF, Secretary and Treasurer, 

D. S. H. SMITH, Local Treasurer, 

JAMES F. HOW, Assistant Secretary, 

JOHN C. BROWN, General Solicitor, - 

C. G. WARNER, General Auditor, 
F. TRUMBULL, Freight Auditor, 
GEORGE OLDS, Freight Traffic Manager, 

A. A. TALMAGE, Gen'l Transportation Manager, 

D. BROCK, Master of Transportation, 
J. J. ROGERS, General Freight Agent, 
H. A. JOHNSON, Ass't Gen'l Freight Agent, 
C. L. WELLINGTON, Ass't Gen'l Freight Agenr, 
H. C. TOWNSEND, General Passenger Agent, 
F. CHANDLER, General Ticket Agent, - 
J. L. G. CHARLTON, Asst General Ticket Agent, 

B. W. McCULLOUGH, Ass't Gen. P. and T. A., - 
W. P. ANDREWS, General Baggage Agent, - 
R. B. LYLE, Purchasing Agent, 
L. D. VOAK, General Live Stock Agent, 
Col. THOS. ESSEX, Land Commissioner, St. L., I. M. & S. R'y, 

Little Rock, Ark. 
W. H. ABRAMS, Land Commissioner, T. & P. R'y, Dallas. Tex. 

H. B. McCLELLAN, Gen. Eastern Pass. Agent, 243 Broadway, N.Y. 
F. E. SNOW. Commercial Agent, ■ - Detroit, Mich. 

H. E. LAlNG, Gen. Agent Pass. Dept., 109 Clark St., Chicago, 111. 
Is^. R. WARWICK, District Pass. Agent, 131 Vine St., Cincinnati, O. 
S. H. THOMPSON, Central Pass.Agent, 411 Liberty St., Pittsburg, Pa. 

F. A. PALMER, District Pass. Agent, 40 W_ Washington St., 

Indianapolis, Ind. 

G. N. CLAYTON, Northwestern Passenger Agent, Omaha, Neb. 
H. N. GARLAND, Western Passenger Agent, Kansas City. Mo. 

C. M. HAMPSON, Commercial Agent, - - - Denver, Col. 

San Francisco, Cal. 



New York City 


St. 


, Louis, 


, Mo. 


New York City. 


St. 


, Louis, 


, Mo. 


New 


York Ci y 


St. 


Louis, 


Mo 


St. 


Louis, 


Mo. 


St. 


Louis, 


Mo. 


St. 


Louis. 


Mo. 


St. 


Louis 


Mo. 


St. 


Louis 


Mo. 


St. 


Louis 


Mo. 


St. 


Louis. 


Mo. 


St. 


Louis, 


Mo. 


St. 


Louis. 


Mo. 


Chicago 


, HI. 


St. 


Louis, 


Mo. 


St. 


Louis, 


Mo. 


St. 


Lruis, 


Mo 


Marshall, 


Tex. 


St. 


Louis, 


Mo. 


St. 


Louis, 


Mo. 


St. 


Louis, 


Mo. 



H. B. SMITH, Jr., Pacific Coast Agent, 



H. M. HOXIE, 

3d ViCE-Pr.ESIDEXT. 



GEORGE OLDS, 

Fkkigut Tkaffic Manager. 



H. C. TOWNSEND, F. CHANDLER, 

Gen'l Passenger Agent. General Ticket Agent. 

ST. LOUIS, MO, 



f 



